The Internationale
|Also known as||L'Internationale (French)|
|Lyrics||Eugène Pottier, 1871|
|Music||Pierre De Geyter, 1888|
|Adopted||1890|
|Audio sample|
International anthem of
- the Anarchist movement,
- the Communist movement,
- the Reformist Socialist movement,
- the Democratic Socialist movement,
- the Libertarian Socialist movement,
- the Socialist movement,
- the Social Democratic movement,
- the Bolsheviks
"The Internationale" (French: "L'Internationale", [l‿ɛ̃.tɛʁ.na.sjɔ.nal(ə)]) is a left-wing anthem. It has been a standard of the socialist movement since the late nineteenth century, when the Second International adopted it as its official anthem. The title arises from the "First International", an alliance of workers which held a congress in 1864. The author of the anthem's lyrics, Eugène Pottier, an anarchist, attended this congress.[1][2]
The original French refrain of the song is C'est la lutte finale / Groupons-nous et demain / L'Internationale / Sera le genre humain. (English: "This is the final struggle / Let us group together and tomorrow / The Internationale / Will be the human race."). "The Internationale" has been translated into many languages.
"The Internationale" has been celebrated by anarchists, communists, socialists, reformist socialists, democratic socialists, libertarian socialists, and social democrats.[3][4]
From 1912 to 1944, "The Internationale" was used as an anthem of the Bolshevik Party, the Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union before being replaced with the more Soviet-centric Hymn of the Soviet Union. It was also used as a national anthem by the Chinese Soviet Republic, Bavarian Soviet Republic, Slovak Soviet Republic, and Hungarian Soviet Republic.
"The Internationale" is one of the most universally translated anthems in history.[5]
Copyright[edit]
The original French words were written in June 1871 by Eugène Pottier (1816–1887, previously a member of the Paris Commune)[6][incomplete short citation] and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of "La Marseillaise".[7] In 1888 Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932) set the earlier lyrics to the melody of Chant du depart with slight modifications.[8][incomplete short citation] De Geyter's melody was first publicly performed in July 1888,[9][incomplete short citation] and soon thereafter Pottier's lyrics became closely associated with, and widely used with, De Geyter's new melody. Thus "The Internationale" gained an identity that was entirely distinct, and no longer in any way directly tied to the French national anthem, the Marseillaise.
In a successful attempt to save Pierre De Geyter's job as a woodcarver, the 6,000 leaflets printed by Lille printer Bolboduc only mentioned the French version of his family name (Degeyter). In 1904, Pierre's brother Adolphe was induced by the Lille mayor Gustave DeloryFrench Socialist Party. Pierre De Geyter lost the first copyright case in 1914, but after his brother committed suicide and left a note explaining the fraud, Pierre was declared the copyright owner by a court of appeal in 1922.[10][incomplete short citation]
In 1972 "Montana Edition", owned by Hans R. BeierleinDeutschmark, first for the territory of West Germany, then in East Germany, then worldwide. East Germany paid Montana Edition 20,000 DM every year for its rights to play the music. Pierre De Geyter died in 1932, causing the copyrights to expire in 2002.[11] Luckhardt's German text is public domain since 1984.
As the "Internationale" music was published before 1 July 1909 outside the United States of America, it is in the public domain in the United States.[12] As of 2013, Pierre De Geyter's music is also in the public domain in countries and areas whose copyright durations are authors' lifetime plus 80 years or less.[13] Due to France's wartime copyright extensions (prorogations de guerre), SACEM claimed that the music was still copyrighted in France until October 2014.[14] Because of this, The Internationale is also in public domain within France.
As Eugène Pottier died in 1887, his original French lyrics are in the public domain. Gustave Delory once acquired the copyright of his lyrics through the songwriter G. B. Clement having bought it from Pottier's widow.[15][incomplete short citation]
Original French lyrics[edit]
|French||Literal English translation|
Debout, les damnés de la terre
Debout, les forçats de la faim
La raison tonne en son cratère
C'est l'éruption de la fin
Du passé faisons table rase
Foule esclave, debout, debout
Le monde va changer de base
Nous ne sommes rien, soyons tout
Chorus
C'est la lutte finale
Groupons-nous, et demain
L'Internationale
Sera le genre humain.
Il n'est pas de sauveurs suprêmes
Ni Dieu, ni César, ni tribun
Producteurs, sauvons-nous nous-mêmes
Décrétons le salut commun
Pour que le voleur rende gorge
Pour tirer l'esprit du cachot
Soufflons nous-mêmes notre forge
Battons le fer quand il est chaud.
Chorus
L'État comprime et la loi triche
L'impôt saigne le malheureux
Nul devoir ne s'impose au riche
Le droit du pauvre est un mot creux
C'est assez, languir en tutelle
L'égalité veut d'autres lois
Pas de droits sans devoirs dit-elle
Égaux, pas de devoirs sans droits.
Chorus
Hideux dans leur apothéose
Les rois de la mine et du rail
Ont-ils jamais fait autre chose
Que dévaliser le travail ?
Dans les coffres-forts de la bande
Ce qu'il a créé s'est fondu
En décrétant qu'on le lui rende
Le peuple ne veut que son dû.
Chorus
Les rois nous saoulaient de fumées
Paix entre nous, guerre aux tyrans
Appliquons la grève aux armées
Crosse en l'air, et rompons les rangs
S'ils s'obstinent, ces cannibales
À faire de nous des héros
Ils sauront bientôt que nos balles
Sont pour nos propres généraux.
Chorus
Ouvriers, paysans, nous sommes
Le grand parti des travailleurs
La terre n'appartient qu'aux hommes
L'oisif ira loger ailleurs
Combien de nos chairs se repaissent
Mais si les corbeaux, les vautours
Un de ces matins disparaissent
Le soleil brillera toujours.
Chorus
Stand up, damned of the Earth
Stand up, prisoners of starvation
Reason thunders in its volcano
This is the eruption of the end.
Of the past let us make a clean slate
Enslaved masses, stand up, stand up.
The world is about to change its foundation
We are nothing, let us be all.
Chorus
This is the final struggle
Let us group together, and tomorrow
The Internationale
Will be the human race.
There are no supreme saviors
Neither God, nor Caesar, nor tribune.
Producers, let us save ourselves,
Decree the common salvation.
So that the thief expires,
So that the spirit be pulled from its prison,
Let us fan our forge ourselves
Strike the iron while it is hot.
Chorus
The State oppresses and the law cheats.
Tax bleeds the unfortunate.
No duty is imposed on the rich;
The rights of the poor is an empty phrase.
Enough languishing in custody!
Equality wants other laws:
No rights without duties, she says,
Equally, no duties without rights.
Chorus
Hideous in their apotheosis
The kings of the mine and of the rail.
Have they ever done anything other
Than steal work?
Inside the safeboxes of the gang,
What work had created melted.
By ordering that they give it back,
The people want only their due.
Chorus
The kings made us drunk with fumes,
Peace among us, war to the tyrants!
Let the armies go on strike,
Stocks in the air, and break ranks.
If they insist, these cannibals
On making heroes of us,
They will know soon that our bullets
Are for our own generals.
Chorus
Workers, peasants, we are
The great party of the workers.
The earth belongs only to men;
The idle will go to reside elsewhere.
How much of our flesh have they consumed?
But if these ravens, these vultures
Disappear one of these days,
The sun will still shine forever.
Chorus
Translations into other languages[edit]
German translation[edit]
The German version, "Die Internationale", was used by East German anti-Stalinists in the failed 1953 uprising and again during the 1989 protests which nonviolently toppled Communism in East Germany.[citation needed] When numerous East Germans were arrested for protesting the 40th anniversary celebrations for the GDR, many of them sang the Internationale in police custody to imply that they, rather than their captors, were the real revolutionaries.
Luckhardt's version, the standard German translation, of the final line of the chorus tellingly reads: "Die Internationale erkämpft das Menschenrecht". (The Internationale fights for human rights.) In 1989, this was coupled with the chant: "Volkspolizei, steh dem Volke bei" (People's police, stand with the people!)[citation needed]
Here follows the most known version, the 1910 translation by Emil Luckhardt:
Russian translation[edit]
The Russian version was initially translated by Arkady Kots in 1902 and printed in London in Zhizn, a Russian émigré magazine. The first Russian version consisted of three stanzas (as opposed to six stanzas in the original French lyrics, and based on stanzas 1, 2 and 6) and the refrain. After the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the text was slightly re-worded to get rid of "now useless" future tenses – particularly the refrain was reworded (the future tense was replaced by the present, and the first person plural possessive pronoun was introduced). In 1918, the chief-editor of Izvestia, Yuri Steklov, appealed to Russian writers to translate the other three stanzas and in the end, the song was expanded into six stanzas.[16] On 15 March 1944, the Soviet Union adopted the "Hymn of the Soviet Union" as its national anthem. Prior to that time, "The Internationale" served as the principal musical expression of allegiance to the ideals of the October Revolution and the Soviet Union (the "Internationale" continued to be recognized as the official song of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the post-1919 Soviet version is still used by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation). The full song is as follows:
|English: The Internationale|
|Интернационал|
|Lyrics||Аркадий Коц (Arkady Kots), 1902|
|Music||Pierre De Geyter, 1888|
|Published||1902|
|Adopted||1918|
|Relinquished||1944|
|Succeeded by||Государственный гимн Советского Союза (State Anthem of the Soviet Union)|
|Audio sample|
Former regional anthem of Russian SFSR
Former national anthem of the Soviet Union
|Russian translation||Transliteration||Literal English translation|
Вставай, проклятьем заклеймённый,
Весь мир голодных и рабов!
Кипит наш разум возмущённый
И в смертный бой вести готов.
Весь мир насилья мы разрушим
До основанья, а затем
Мы наш, мы новый мир построим, –
Кто был ничем, тот станет всем.
Припев:
Это есть наш последний
И решительный бой;
С Интернационалом
Воспрянет род людской!
Никто не даст нам избавленья:
Ни бог, ни царь и не герой!
Добьёмся мы освобожденья
Своею собственной рукой.
Чтоб свергнуть гнёт рукой умелой,
Отвоевать своё добро, –
Вздувайте горн и куйте смело,
Пока железо горячо!
Припев
Довольно кровь сосать, вампиры,
Тюрьмой, налогом, нищетой!
У вас – вся власть, все блага мира,
А наше право – звук пустой !
Мы жизнь построим по-иному –
И вот наш лозунг боевой:
Вся власть народу трудовому!
А дармоедов всех долой!
Припев
Презренны вы в своём богатстве,
Угля и стали короли!
Вы ваши троны, тунеядцы,
На наших спинах возвели.
Заводы, фабрики, палаты –
Всё нашим создано трудом.
Пора! Мы требуем возврата
Того, что взято грабежом.
Припев
Довольно королям в угоду
Дурманить нас в чаду войны!
Война тиранам! Мир Народу!
Бастуйте, армии сыны!
Когда ж тираны нас заставят
В бою геройски пасть за них –
Убийцы, в вас тогда направим
Мы жерла пушек боевых!
Припев
Лишь мы, работники всемирной
Великой армии труда,
Владеть землёй имеем право,
Но паразиты – никогда!
И если гром великий грянет
Над сворой псов и палачей, –
Для нас всё так же солнце станет
Сиять огнём своих лучей.
Припев
Vstavay, proklyatyem zakleymyonny,
Ves mir golodnykh i rabov!
Kipit nash razum vozmushchyonny
I v smertny boy vesti gotov.
Ves mir nasilya my razrushim
Do osnovanya, a zatem
My nash, my novy mir postroim, –
Kto byl nichem, tot stanet vsem.
Pripev:
Eto yest nash posledny
I reshitelny boy;
S Internatsionalom
Vospryanet rod lyudskoy!
Nikto ne dast nam izbavlenya:
Ni bog, ni tsar i ne geroy!
Dobyomsya my osvobozhdenya
Svoyeyu sobstvennoy rukoy.
Chtob svergnut gnyot rukoy umeloy,
Otvoyevat svoyo dobro, –
Vzduvayte gorn i kuyte smelo,
Poka zhelezo goryacho!
Pripev
Dovolno krov sosat, vampiry,
Tyurmoy, nalogom, nishchetoy!
U vas – vsya vlast, vse blaga mira,
A nashe pravo – zvuk pustoy!
My zhizn postroim po-inomu –
I vot nash lozung boyevoy:
Vsya vlast narodu trudovomu!
A darmoyedov vseh doloy!
Pripev
Prezrenny vy v svoyom bogatstve,
Uglya i stali koroli!
Vy vashi trony, tuneyadtsy,
Na nashikh spinakh vozveli.
Zavody, fabriki, palaty –
Vsyo nashim sozdano trudom.
Pora! My trebuyem vozvrata
Togo, chto vzyato grabezhom.
Pripev
Dovolno korolyam v ugodu
Durmanit nas v chadu voyny!
Voyna tiranam! Mir Narodu!
Bastuyte, armii syny!
Kogda zh tirany nas zastavyat
V boyu geroyski past za nikh –
Ubiytsy, v vas togda napravim
my zherla pushek boyevykh!
Pripev
Lish my, rabotniki vsemirnoy
Velikoy armii truda,
Vladet zemlyoy imeyem pravo,
No parazity – nikogda!
I yesli grom veliky gryanet
Nad svoroy psov i palachey, –
Dlya nas vsyo tak zhe solntse stanet
siyat ognyom svoikh luchey.
Pripev
Stand up, ones who are branded by the curse,
All the world's starving and enslaved!
Our outraged minds are boiling,
Ready to lead us into a deadly fight.
We will destroy this world of violence
Down to the foundations, and then
We will build our new world.
He who was nothing will become everything!
Refrain:
This is our final
and decisive battle;
With the Internationale
humanity will rise up!
No one will grant us deliverance,
Not god, nor tsar, nor hero.
We will win our liberation,
With our very own hands.
To throw down oppression with a skilled hand,
To take back what is ours –
Fire up the furnace and hammer boldly,
while the iron is still hot!
Refrain
You've sucked enough of our blood, you vampires,
With prison, taxes and poverty!
You have all the power, all the blessings of the world,
And our rights are but an empty sound!
We'll make our own lives in a different way –
And here is our battle cry:
All the power to the workers!
And away with all the parasites!
Refrain
Contemptible you are in your wealth,
You kings of coal and steel!
You had your thrones, parasites,
At our backs erected.
All the factories, all the chambers –
All were made by our hands.
It's time! We demand the return
Of that which was stolen from us.
Refrain
Enough of the will of kings
Stupefying us into the haze of war!
War to the tyrants! Peace to the people!
Go on strike, sons of the army!
And if the tyrants tell us
To fall heroically in battle for them –
Then, murderers, we will point
The muzzles of our cannons at you!
Refrain
Only we, the workers of the worldwide
Great army of workers,
Have the right to own the land,
But the parasites – never!
And if the great thunder rolls
Over the pack of dogs and executioners,
For us, the sun will forever
Shine on with its fiery beams.
Refrain
English translations[edit]
The traditional British version of "The Internationale" is usually sung in three verses, while the American version, written by Charles Hope Kerr with five verses, is usually sung in two.[17][18] The American version is sometimes sung with the phrase "the internationale", "the international soviet", or "the international union" in place of "the international working class". In English renditions, "Internationale" is sometimes sung as /ɪntərnæʃəˈnæli/ rather than the French pronunciation of [ɛ̃tɛʁnasjɔnal(ə)].
Billy Bragg was asked by Pete Seeger to sing "The Internationale" with him at the Vancouver Folk Festival in 1989. Bragg thought the traditional English lyrics were archaic and unsingable (Scottish musician Dick Gaughan[19] and former Labour MP Tony Benn[20] disagreed), and composed a new set of lyrics.[21] The recording was released on his album The Internationale along with reworkings of other socialist songs.
|British version||American version||Billy Bragg version|
(by Eugène Pottier)
(by Charles Hope Kerr)
Arise, ye workers from your slumber,
Arise, ye prisoners of want.
For reason in revolt now thunders,
and at last ends the age of cant!
Away with all your superstitions,
Servile masses, arise, arise!
We'll change henceforth the old tradition,
And spurn the dust to win the prize!
Chorus
So comrades, come rally,
And the last fight let us face.
The Internationale
Unites the human race.
(repeat)
No more deluded by reaction,
On tyrants only we'll make war!
The soldiers too will take strike action,
They'll break ranks and fight no more!
And if those cannibals keep trying,
To sacrifice us to their pride,
They soon shall hear the bullets flying,
We'll shoot the generals on our own side.
Chorus
No saviour from on high delivers,
No faith have we in prince or peer.
Our own right hand the chains must shiver,
Chains of hatred, greed and fear.
E'er the thieves will out with their booty,
And to all give a happier lot.
Each at his forge must do their duty,
And we'll strike the iron while it's hot.
Chorus
Arise, ye prisoners of starvation!
Arise, ye wretched of the earth!
For justice thunders condemnation:
A better world's in birth!
No more tradition's chains shall bind us;
Arise, ye slaves, no more in thrall!
The earth shall rise on new foundations:
We have been naught, we shall be all!
Chorus
'Tis the final conflict;
Let each stand in his place.
The International working class
Shall be the human race!
(repeat)
We want no condescending saviors
To rule us from a judgment hall;
We workers ask not for their favors;
Let us consult for all.
To make the thief disgorge his booty
To free the spirit from its cell,
We must ourselves decide our duty,
We must decide, and do it well.
Chorus
Toilers from shops and fields united,
The union we of all who work:
The earth belongs to us, the workers,
No room here for the shirk.
How many on our flesh have fattened!
But if the noisome birds of prey
Shall vanish from the sky some morning,
The blessed sunlight still will stay.
Chorus
Stand up, all victims of oppression
For the tyrants fear your might!
Don't cling so hard to your possessions
For you have nothing if you have no rights!
Let racist ignorance be ended
For respect makes the empires fall!
Freedom is merely privilege extended
Unless enjoyed by one and all
Chorus
So come brothers and sisters
For the struggle carries on
The Internationale
Unites the world in song
So comrades, come rally
For this is the time and place!
The international ideal
Unites the human race
Let no one build walls to divide us
Walls of hatred nor walls of stone
Come greet the dawn and stand beside us
We'll live together or we'll die alone
In our world poisoned by exploitation
Those who have taken, now they must give!
And end the vanity of nations
We've but one Earth on which to live
Chorus
And so begins the final drama
In the streets and in the fields
We stand unbowed before their armour
We defy their guns and shields!
When we fight, provoked by their aggression
Let us be inspired by life and love
For though they offer us concessions
Change will not come from above!
Chorus
Chinese translation[edit]
"The Internationale" in Chinese (simplified Chinese: 国际歌; traditional Chinese: 國際歌; pinyin: Guójìgē), literally the "International Song", was first translated on 15 June 1923 from the French original by Qu Qiubai (Chinese: 瞿秋白),[24] a leading member of the Communist Party of China in the late 1920s. His translation has transliterated "The Internationale" as Yīngdénàxióngnà'ěr (simplified Chinese: 英德纳雄纳尔; traditional Chinese: 英德納雄納爾) when singing the phrase in Standard Chinese. As he was executed by the Kuomintang in 1935, his Chinese translation is in the public domain wherever the duration of copyright is an author's lifetime plus up to 70 years, including Chinese-speaking Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan (lifetime plus 50 years in these places), and Singapore (lifetime plus 70 years). The three stanzas of this version roughly correspond to the three stanzas of Arkady Kots' Russian version and the first, second, and sixth French lyrics by Eugène Pottier. The third, fourth and fifth stanzas of the French original are not used in this version.
Xiao San's version[edit]
This version was translated from the Russian version in 1923 by the poet Xiao San, friend of Mao Zedong. This version is the most common and is also the anthem of the Communist Party of China.[23] Xiao's version was a revision of Qu's translation, which did not see widespread use due to it being written in Classical Chinese,[22] although the phrase "The Internationale" was similarly transliterated as Yīngtènàxióngnài'ěr (simplified Chinese: 英特纳雄耐尔; traditional Chinese: 英特納雄耐爾). When the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in 1931, it was decided to be its national anthem.[25] The version was officially revised in 1962 by China National Radio and Chinese Musicians' Association.[23][24]
The song was a rallying anthem of the demonstrators at the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, and was repeatedly sung both while marching to the Square and within the Square.
...many hundreds of people (not only students) appeared on the street. They ran after the trucks and shouted protest slogans. A few stones were thrown. The soldiers opened fire with live ammunition. The crowd threw themselves on the ground, but quickly followed the convoy again. The more shots were fired, the more the crowd got determined and outraged. Suddenly they started singing "The Internationale"; they armed themselves with stones and threw them towards the soldiers. There were also a few Molotov cocktails and the last truck was set on fire.[25]
National Revolutionary Army version[edit]
When commemorating the 55th anniversary of the Paris Commune on 18 March 1926, the National Revolutionary Army printed a music sheet with three lyrics of "The Internationale" in Chinese, roughly corresponding to the first, second, and sixth French lyrics by Eugène Pottier. When singing refrain twice after each lyric, "The Internationale" is transliterated first as Yīngtè'ěrlāxióngnà'ěr (Chinese: 英特爾拉雄納爾) and second as Yīngtè'ěrnàxióngnà'ěr (Chinese: 英特爾納雄納爾).
Shen Baoji's version[edit]
The third, fourth, and fifth French stanzas are not sung in Chinese in the above two versions of Qu and the National Revolutionary Army. Chinese translator Shen Baoji (simplified Chinese: 沈宝基; traditional Chinese: 沈寶基, 1908–2002) has made a complete Chinese translation, published in 1957, of all six French stanzas. Shen's translation has transliterated "The Internationale" as Yīngdāi'ěrnàxī'àonà'ěr (simplified Chinese: 因呆尔那西奥纳尔; traditional Chinese: 因呆爾那西奧納爾) in the stanzas, different from the transliterations of Qu and the National Revolutionary Army. As the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China grants individuals copyright for their lifetime plus 50 years, Shen's translation is expected to remain copyrighted there until the end of 2052.
Other Chinese translations[edit]
In addition to the Mandarin version, "The Internationale" also has Cantonese[26] and Taiwanese Hokkien[27] versions, occasionally used in Hong Kong and Taiwan. The word "Internationale" is not translated in either version. Uyghur version, Tibetan version[28] and Mongolian version is also translated for the use of ethnic minorities of China.
Filipino translation[edit]
There were three Filipino versions of the song. The first was composed by Juan Feleo of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930 under the title "Pandaigdigang Awit ng Manggagawa" (The International Worker's Anthem) which was translated from the English version. The second version was a retranslation of the first two stanzas on the basis of the French original by the Communist Party of the Philippines. The third version, which introduced the third stanza, was derived from both Chinese and French versions and translated by Jose Maria Sison, the CPP's founding chairman.[29]
|PKP-1930 Version||1969 CPP Version||2016 CPP Version|
Bangon sa pagkakagupiling
Bangon ka uring alipin
Sa daigdig iyong sikapin
Sosyalismo'y tanghalin
Halina at ating usigin
Laya nating sinisiil
Buhay, dugo ay puhunanin
Tanikala ay lagutin
Koro
Ito'y huling paglalaban
Tunay na kalayaan
Ng Internasyunal
Sa buong daigdigan
Wala tayong maaasahan
Lingap sa mga gahaman
Kaya tayo'y magbagong buhay
Hirap nati'y lunasan
Manggagawa, huwag mong tulutan
Apihin ka habang buhay
Hanapin mo ang kalayaan
Panlulupig ay wakasan
Bangon sa pagkakabusabos
Bangon, alipin ng gutom
Katarunga'y bulkang sasabog
Sa huling paghuhukom
Gapos ng kahapo'y lagutin
Tayong api ay magbalikwas
Tayo ngayo'y inaalipin
Subalit atin ang bukas
Koro
Ito'y huling paglalaban
Magkaisa ng masaklaw
Ng Internasyunal
Ang sangkatauhan
Wala tayong maasasahang
Bathala o manunubos
Kaya ang ating kaligtasa'y
Nasa ating pagkilos
Manggagawa, bawiin ang yaman
Kaisipa'y palayain
Ang maso ay ating hawakan
Kinabukasa'y pandayin
Bangon sa pagkakabusabos
Bangon, mga bihag ng gutom
Katwiran ay bulkang sasabog
Buong lakas na dadagundong
Gapos ng kahapo'y lagutin
Tayong api ay magbalikwas
Tayo ngayo'y inaalipin
Subalit atin ang bukas
Koro
Ito'y huling paglalaban
Magkaisa ng masaklaw
ng Internasyunal
Ang sangkatauhan
Wala tayong maasasahang
Bathala o manunubos
Kaya ang ating kaligtasa'y
Nasa ating pagkilos
Manggagawa, bawiin ang yaman
Kaisipa'y palayain
Ang maso ay ating hawakan
Kinabukasa'y pandayin
Manggagawa at magsasaka
Ating Partido'y dakila
Palayasin ang mga gamahan
Sa anakpawis ang daigdigan
Wakasan ang pagsasamantala
Ng mga buwitre at uwak
Sa umaga'y silang maglaho
Mapulang araw ay sisikat
Indonesian translations[edit]
The Internasionale has been widely known in Indonesia since the 1920s. The first translation into Indonesian from Dutch was done by Ki Hadjar Dewantara who was popularized by the Indonesian Communist Party in 1951–1965. However, this translation was denounced by the Communist International as having eliminated the spirit of the proletariat. On 19 December 1948, Amir Sjarifuddin and ten other figures from the Madiun Incident sang Indonesia Raya and this song just before they were executed.
The next translation was carried out by A. Yuwinu based on the lyrics from Chinese and Russian which was published for the first time on May 31, 1970. This translation was later adapted to the Enhanced Spelling which came into effect on August 17, 1972.
In addition to these two translations, there are translations of Soepeno, Utuy Tatang Sontani, Agus J., and Suar Suroso which were compiled to commemorate a century of the Paris Commune in 1971. These translations are based on lyrics from French, Russian, English, Mandarin, German, and the Netherlands.
|Ki Hadjar Dewantara||A. Yuwinu||Soepeno, dkk.|
Bangunlah kaum jang terhina,
bangunlah kaum jang lapar!
Kehendak jang mulja dalam dunia,
senantiasa tambah besar.
Lenjapkan adat dan paham tua,
kita rakjat sadar-sadar.
Dunia sudah berganti rupa,
untuk kemenangan kita.
REFRAIN (2×):
Perdjoangan penghabisan,
kumpullah melawan.
Dan Internasionale,
pastilah didunia!
Bangunlah kaum yang terhina,
bangunlah kaum yang lapar!
Dendam darah menyala-nyala,
kita berjuang 'tuk keadilan.
Hancurkan dunia lama,
sampai ke dasar-dasarnya!
Dunia baru kita ciptakan,
milik s'luruh kaum pekerja!
REFRAIN (2×):
Perjuangan penghabisan,
bersatulah berlawan!
Internasionale,
pastilah di dunia!
Tiada "pengasih" dan "penyayang",
tiada dewa atau raja.
Kebah'giaan umat manusia,
pasti kita sendiri cipta!
Musnahkan b'lenggu penindasan,
rebut hasil jerih kerja!
Kobarkan api, seg'ra tempa,
selagi baja membara!
REFRAIN (2×)
Kitalah kaum pekerja s'dunia,
tent'ra kerja nan perkasa.
Semuanya mesti milik kita,
tak biarkan satu pun penghisap!
Kala petir dahsyat menyambar,
di atas si angkara murka.
Tibalah saat bagi kita,
surya bersinar cemerlang!
REFRAIN (2×)
Bangunlah kaum yang terhina,
bangunlah kaum yang lapar!
Meng'glora dendam dalam dada,
kita berjuang 'tuk kebenaran.
Hancurkan seluruh dunia lama,
kaum budak, bangun, bangun!
Kita yang kini hina-papa,
akan menguasai dunia.
REFRAIN (2×):
Perjuangan penghabisan,
bersatu berlawan!
Internasionale,
pastilah di dunia!
Tiada Maha Juru S'lamat,
tidak Tuhan atau raja.
Kebahagiaan umat manusia,
harus kita sendiri cipta.
Bebaskan jiwa dari penjara,
rebut kembali hasil kerja.
Kobarkan api, seg'ra tempa,
selagi baja membara!
REFRAIN (2×)
Kitalah kaum buruh dan tani,
tentara kerja perkasa.
Bumi hanya milik pekerja,
benalu tak berhak serta.
Cukup sudah darah-k'ringat terhisap,
saat pasti akan tiba.
Setan siluman musnah lenyap,
surya cemerlang s'nantiasa!
REFRAIN (2×)
Greek translation[edit]
The Internationale is widely known among Greek people. The Communist Party of Greece is considered one of the most foundational parties in the country, having been founded in 1918. The party was banned in 1936 after the military coup d'etat, but continued to operate underground - communist party members were the main resistance group against the Axis powers during World War II. After the Greek Civil War, the party was banned once again. During the military junta, individuals accused of being communists were imprisoned, tortured, and even executed by the military dictatorship. Communist anger at the regime finally coalesced in the Athens Polytechnic uprising of 1973, where communist supporters (primarily the educated youth) attempted to resist the dictatorship. These events solidified the Communist Party's reputation as a symbol of left-wing resistance against Nazism and dictatorial governments.
This is the Greek version of The Internationale and the anthem of the Communist Party of Greece:[30]
|Transliteration||Literal English translation|
|Εμπρός της γης οι κολασμένοι||Emprós tis gis oi kolasménoi||Stand up, oppressed of this world|
Της πείνας σκλάβοι εμπρός-εμπρός.
Το δίκιο απ' τον κρατήρα βγαίνει
Σα βροντή σαν κεραυνός!
Φτάνουν πια της σκλαβιάς τα χρόνια.
Όλοι εμείς οι ταπεινοί της γης
Που ζούσαμε στην καταφρόνια
Θα γίνουμε το παν εμείς.!
Στον Αγώνα Ενωμένοι
Κι ας μη λείψει κανείς.
Ω! Να 'τη, μας προσμένει
Στον κόσμο η Διεθνής.!
Θεοί, αρχόντοι, βασιλιάδες
Με πλάνα λόγια μας γελούν.
Της γης οι δούλοι κι οι ραγιάδες
Μοναχοί τους, θα σωθούν!
Για να σπάσουμε τα δεσμά μας
Για να πάψει πια η σκλαβιά.
Να νιώσουν πρέπει τη γροθιά μας
Και της ψυχής μας τη φωτιά!
Στον Αγώνα Ενωμένοι
Κι ας μη λείψει κανείς.
Ω! Να 'τη, μας προσμένει
Στον κόσμο η Διεθνής!
Και αν τολμήσουν και αντικρίσουν
Της ψυχής μας τους κεραυνούς.
θα δούνε τότε αν μπορούνε
Πως θα είναι οι σφαίρες μας για αυτούς!
Tis peínas sklávoi emprós-emprós.
To díkio ap' ton kratíra vgaínei
Sa vrontí san keravnós!
Ftánoun pia tis sklaviás ta chrónia.
Óloi emeís oi tapeinoí tis gis
Pou zoúsame stin katafrónia
Tha gínoume to pan emeís.!
Ston Agóna Enoménoi
Ki as mi leípsei kaneís.
O! Na 'ti, mas prosménei
Ston kósmo i Diethnís.!
Theoí, archóntoi, vasiliádes
Me plána lógia mas geloún.
Tis gis oi doúloi ki oi ragiádes
Monachoí tous, tha sothoún!
Gia na spásoume ta desmá mas
Gia na pápsei pia i sklaviá.
Na niósoun prépei ti grothiá mas
Kai tis psychís mas ti fotiá!
Ston Agóna Enoménoi
Ki as mi leípsei kaneís.
O! Na 'ti, mas prosménei
Ston kósmo i Diethnís!
Kai an tolmísoun kai antikrísoun
Tis psychís mas tous keravnoús .
Τha doúne tóte an boroúne
Pos tha eínai oi sfaíres mas gia aftoús!
Starving people and slaves go ahead.
Justice arise from the crater
Like lightining, like thunder!
Let's stop the years of slavery.
All the oppressed on Earth
All of us, that lived at the scorn
We all, will be everything!
At the struggle, united
And everyone will fight.
Oh there it is, it's waiting for us...
The Internationale!
Gods, lords and kings
Are laughing at us with false speeches.
The slaves and oppressed of this world
Are going to be saved without anyone's help!
Let's break the chains
To end slavery.
They must feel the strike
And the fire of our soul!
At the struggle, united
And everyone will fight.
Oh there it is, it's waiting for us...
The Internationale!
And if they dare to face
The flames of our souls.
They will have the feeling
Of our swords and bullets!
Korean translation[edit]
The Internationale is used in both Koreas, though it is more commonly used in the North. Despite no longer being a Communist State, the DPRK continues to utilize the Internationale in propaganda and music,[31] Party Congresses,[32] and even sports events.[33] In the South, the Internationale has been used by labor unions and protestors, but remains less celebrated. As the northern lyrics are often considered too archaic and Communistic by southerners, there are 2 presently used versions of the Korean Internationale - the traditional lyrics, and the newer lyrics. While the northern lyrics borrow heavily from the Russian Internationale, the southern lyrics are completely original. In addition, the Southern refrain is longer and does not repeat.[34]
|Northern version|
|Korean||Literal English translation|
일어나라, 저주로 인맞은,
주리고 종된 자 세계!
우리의 피가 끓어 넘쳐,
결사전을 하게하네!
억제의 세상 뿌리빼고,
새 세계를 세우자!
짓밟혀 천대받은 자
모든 것의 주인이 되리!
Refrain
|: 이는 우리 마지막,
판가림, 싸움이니!
인터나쇼날로,
인류가 떨치리! :|
하느님도 임금도 영웅도,
우리를 구제 못하라!
우리는 다만 제 손으로,
해방을 가져오리라!
거세인 솜씨로 압박,
부시고 제것을 찾자면
풀무를 불며 용감히,
두드려라 쇠가 단김에!
Refrain
우리는 오직 전 세계의,
위대한 로력의 군대!
땅 덩어리는 우리의 것이니,
기생충에게는 없으리!
개무리와 도살자에게는,
큰 벼락 쏟아져도,
우리의 머리 우에는,
찬란한 태양이 비치리!
Refrain
Awaken, world of the hungry and slaves!
Those who are branded by a curse
Our blood is boiling and overflowing,
Ready for a critical decision
Let us destroy the old world's oppressive ways,
And build a new one
Those who have been trampled upon
Shall become the masters of everything!
Refrain
|: This is our final,
And decisive struggle
With the Internationale
Mankind will uprise! :|
Not God, not the king, not the hero
Is capable of saving us
Only with our own hands,
Can liberation be won!
Should we, with great skill
Ever destroy oppression,
Blow the furnace and hammer bravely,
While the iron is hot!
Refrain
We are, all across this earth
The great army of Labor
This land is ours
And the parasites will never have it!
Even if grand lighting,
Should strike the murderous hordes
On our heads, the sun
Resplendent, shall shine!
Refrain
|Southern version|
|Korean||Literal English translation|
깨어나라, 노동자의 군대,
굴레를 벗어 던져라!
정의는 분화구의 불길-
처럼 힘차게 타온다!
대지의 저주받은 땅에,
새 세계를 펼칠 때,
어떠한 낡은 쇠사슬도,
우리를 막지 못 해!
Refrain
| 들어라 최후 결전,
투쟁의 외침을,
민중이여 해방의,
깃발 아래 서자!
역사의 참된 주인,
승리를 위하여
인터내셔널 깃발 아래,
전진 또 전진! |
어떠한 높으신 양반
고귀한 이념도,
허공에 매인 십자가도
우릴 구원 못 하네
우리 것을 되찾는 것은,
강철 같은 우리 손!
노예의 쇠사슬을 끊어,
내고 해방으로 나가자!
Refrain
억세고 못박혀 굳은 두
손 우리의 무기다!
나약한 노예의 근성,
모두 쓸어 버리자!
무너진 폐허의 땅에,
평등의 꽃 피울 때,
우리의 붉은 새 태양은,
지평선에 떠온다!
Refrain
Arise, army of workers!
Cast your bridles off!
Justice burns with great fierceity,
As a volcanic crater does
O'er this cursed land
As we build a new world,
No old shackles
Can stop us!
Refrain
| Harken, the final battle,
And cry of struggle!
People, let us stand
under liberation's banner!
History's earnest masters
For victory!
With the standard of the Internationale
Advance, and Advance! |
No high Yangban,
Nor noble Ideology
Even the crucifix, bound in the air
Are incapable of saving us!
To obtain what is rightfully ours,
Our hands like steel,
Break the chains of slavery,
Advance forwards to liberation!
Refrain
The powerful fist and nailed board
Both are weapons of ours
The weak will of the slave,
Let us dissolve it!
When, in the land of ruins
The flowers of equality blossom,
Our new red sun
Shall dawn on the horizon!
Refrain
Other translations[edit]
- Versions of the song in South Asian languages, particularly Bengali and Malayalam, have existed since the time of colonial rule. It was translated into Bengali by the national poet of Bangladesh, Kazi Nazrul Islam, and subsequently by Bengali singer Hemanga Biswas. The Assamese version was translated by the poet Bishnu Rabha. The Malayalam version of the song has existed since the 1950s with the translation of the song for the people of the Indian state of Kerala by actor and social activist Premji for the united Communist Party of India (CPI). Pakistani musical group Laal performed a version of this anthem in their translation.
Popular references[edit]
- In the 1933 German film Hitler Youth Quex, Heini's father forces him to sing Die Internationale after he returns from a camping trip with the Hitler Youth.
- Both in Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko's 1961 poem Babiyy Yar as well as composer Dmitri Shostakovich's symphony incorporating its text, the Internationale is referenced: "Let the Internationale thunder, when the last anti-Semite on Earth is buried forever!".[35]
- In the 1965 film The East Is Red, produced the year prior to the Cultural Revolution, the song is performed at the film's opening and in the last scene.
- In Federico Fellini's 1973 film Amarcord, the song is played on gramophone as part of a cruel prank to get an innocent person arrested by Fascists in 1930s Italy.
- In Warren Beatty's 1981 film Reds, the song is sung by protesting workers in Moscow, over a montage of scenes depicting the Russian Revolution.
- In Alan Dean Foster's 1983 novel Spellsinger, the protagonist Jon-Tom sings the song to placate an enraged Marxist dragon.
- In the 1994 film In the Heat of the Sun (阳光灿烂的日子) by Chinese director Jiang Wen, the song plays loudly over a brutal scene where the main character, Ma Xiaojun, repeatedly beats an innocent victim to a state of bloodied unconsciousness. The film is set during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), when "The Internationale" was played at official events and at the end of each day's radio broadcast.[36]
- Ken Loach used the Spanish version of this song in his 1995 movie Land and Freedom, set during the Spanish Civil War.[37]
- In 1997 film Air Force One, the song is sung loudly when General Ivan Radek is released.
- The song played during the film The Beautician and the Beast.
- A Music box version of the song can be heard at the start and end of the music video for the Manic Street Preachers 1998 single If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next.[38] The song deals with the topic of the Spanish Civil War and Anti-fascism in general. The single peaked at number 1 in the UK Singles Chart, the band's first single to do so.[39]
References[edit]
- ^ Nic Maclellan (2004). Louise Michel: Rebel Lives. Ocean Press. pp. 7, 89. ISBN 9781876175764.
- ^ Donny Gluckstein. "Decyphering 'The Internationale'".
- ^ World Book Encyclopedia, 2018 ed., s.v. "Internationale, The"
- ^ "The International Anarchist Congress, Amsterdam, 1907" (PDF). www.fdca.it. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ^ http://www.sovmusic.ru/english/list.php?gold=no&category=inter&part=1
- ^ Gill 1998, 1st paragraph. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGill1998 (help)
- ^ David Walls. "Billy Bragg's Revival of Aging Anthems: Radical Nostalgia or Activist Inspiration?". Sonoma State University.
- ^ Gill 1998, 9th paragraph. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGill1998 (help)
- ^ Gill 1998, 11th paragraph. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGill1998 (help)
- ^ Gill 1998. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGill1998 (help)
- ^ "Ich habe die Kommunisten bezahlen lassen", Die Welt, Hans R. Beierlein
- ^ Peter B. Hirtle. "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Archived from the original on 4 July 2012.
- ^ Year 1932 when Pierre De Geyter died, plus 80 years, would get to year 2012.
- ^ Vulser, Nicole (8 April 2005). "Siffloter 'L'Internationale' peut coûter cher". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ Gill 1998, 16th paragraph. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGill1998 (help)
- ^ A. V. Lunacharskiy (ed.). "The International (in Russian)". Fundamental'naya Elektronnaya Biblioteka.
- ^ Walls, David (17 July 2007). "Billy Bragg's Revival of Aging Anthems: Radical Nostalgia or Activist Inspiration?". Sonoma State University.
- ^ Venturi, Riccardo; et al. (8 June 2005). "The Internationale" in 82 languages". Anti-War Songs.
- ^ Gaughan, Dick. "The Internationale". Dick Gaughan's Song Archive.
I can see no more point in trying to 'modernise' it than I would in repainting the Cistine [sic] Chapel or rewriting Shakespeare's plays.
- ^ Benn, Tony (2014). A Blaze of Autumn Sunshine: The Last Diaries. Arrow Books. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-09-956495-9.
- ^ Billy Bragg – Internationale on YouTube, from the Pete Seeger 90th Birthday Concert (The Clearwater Concert) at Madison Square Garden, 3 May 2009.
- ^ ""国际歌"中文译配版权属瞿秋白 在中国最早公开唱". culture.people.com.cn. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ^ "重读《国际歌》感言". www.yhcqw.com. Yanhuang Chunqiu. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ "《国际歌》中文译词的演变 – 中国共产党新闻 – 中国共产党新闻网". cpc.people.com.cn. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ Amnesty International, 30 August 1989. Preliminary Findings on Killings of Unarmed Civilians, Arbitrary Arrests and Summary Executions Since 3 June 1989, p. 19
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 June 2004. Retrieved 12 June 2004.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 January 2006. Retrieved 18 January 2006.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "The Internationale: Tibetan (རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གླུ་དབྱངས：བོད་སྐད་)". Youtube. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
- ^ "The Internationale in Filipino". Josemariasison.org. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ "stixoi.info: Διεθνής ( Διορθώσεις )". stixoi.info. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b4jgV1nW80&t=28s
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQAjS1fiY3I&t=10s
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8L2HBVF1uIg
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXYA6XE4uoI
- ^ Yevtushenko, Yevgeny. "Babi Yar." 1961. The Collected Poems 1952–1990 by Yevgeny Yectushenko. pp. 1–3.
- ^ Braester, Yomi (2001). "Memory at a standstill: 'street-smart history' in Jiang Wen's in the Heat of the Sun". Screen. 42 (4): 350–362. doi:10.1093/screen/42.4.350.
- ^ Soundtrack, Land and Freedom, IMDb
- ^ "Manic Street Preachers - If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next".
- ^ "Manic Street Preachers".
External links[edit]
- The Internationale (2000 documentary) at IMDb
- Another large collection of downloadable recordings
- "The Internationale": lyrics and tabs
- "The Internationale" in a minor mode by the Prolétariat Mondial Organiseyyy on YouTube (in French)
- Downloadable recordings in more than 40 languages
- Piano arrangements and orchestral MIDI file of "The Internationale"
- Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
- IWW Version, translated by Charles Kerr from The Little Red Songbook London, 1916[permanent dead link]
- Asian anthems
- Socialist International
- Socialist symbols
- Russian Revolution
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Multilingual songs
- Historical national anthems
- National symbols of the Soviet Union
- Political party songs
- Songs of the Spanish Civil War
- Protest songs
- Billy Bragg songs
- Songs critical of religion
- 1871 songs
- Symbols of communism
- Chinese patriotic songs
- Maoist China propaganda songs
- French songs
- Songs based on poems
- Anthems of organizations